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文章2024年1月2日1 分钟阅读

集体投资计划投资教育系列 (第三部分)

集体投资计划投资教育系列 (第三部分)

集体投资计划中的投资
在投资教育系列的第二部分中,我们讨论了投资的必要性与优点,以及投资多元化带来的益处。文章总结指出,投资基金或集体投资计划基金,是个人稳健增值、长期累积财富的最佳选择。通过基金投资,不仅能够实现风险分散,还能让投资更加平民化、可负担。

在本文中,我们将分享柬埔寨证券交易监管机构于 2023 年 11 月 15 日 批准的首支投资基金的实际案例—— 富亚亚洲股票基金。该基金由 富亚资产管理 (柬埔寨) 有限公司 (BAMC)  管理,富亚是一家经柬埔寨证券交易监管机构 许可的资产管理公司。基金法律顾问为 HBS 律师事务所,基金审计师为 国富(柬埔寨) 有限公司,两者均获柬埔寨证券交易监管机构认证。基金受托人为 碉堡信托有限公司,同样为柬埔寨证券交易监管机构批准的 集体投资计划受托机构。总体而言,在集体投资计划生态系统中,所有参与方均需获得柬埔寨证券交易监管机构的许可、批准或认证。

Press Conference 1st KH CIS 08

关于 富亚亚洲股票基金
富亚亚洲股票基金 (BAEF) 投资于亚太(日本除外)主要证券交易所上市的 30 家或以上公司,形成多元化投资组合。该基金旨在分享亚洲投资的潜在收益,全球经济学家普遍认为亚洲是未来数年主要的增长区域。基金口号为 “亚洲崛起”。根据披露文件,富亚亚洲股票基金目标中长期年化收益率为 7% 至 10%,但该收益率不构成保证。基金投资被视为一种定期储蓄计划,投资金额可用于子女教育、医疗支出、购房部分资金或退休金积累。

投资者在认购基金前,需先从柬埔寨证券交易监管机构获取 投资者身份。对于已经持有投资者身份识别号的投资者,则无需重新申请。

以下为 BAEF 基金的条款说明书:

BAEF

投资决策前的关键考量
通常,基金经理在进行投资时会采用 自上而下或 自下而上的基本方法。
•    自上而下方法:基金经理从宏观层面进行分析,关注经济周期、通货膨胀、利率、全球趋势等因素,以确定整体投资方向。
•    自下而上方法:基金经理从个别证券的特征入手,分析公司资产负债表、利润表、管理团队、产品与服务等具体因素,选择具有投资价值的标的。
富亚亚洲股票基金在投资过程中同时采用了 自上而下与自下而上相结合的方法,以实现更稳健、多元化的投资策略。

自下而上方法:长期可持续增长

基金经理将选择那些拥有 可持续商业模式 和 稳健业绩记录 的公司作为投资标的。在甄选过程中,基金经理会重点考察公司的 经审计财务报表、估值水平以及管理团队质量 等多项因素,以确保投资的稳健性与长期增长潜力。

自上而下方法:为什么投资亚洲?

  1. 未来 10–20 年人口结构稳定、生产力高
    亚洲拥有庞大的人口基数和良好的人口结构,其中年轻人口占比较高,这将转化为未来 10 至 20 年稳定的生产力劳动力。随之带来收入增长和消费增加,有助于推动区域经济及企业发展。相较于人口老龄化严重的地区 (如美国与欧洲),亚洲更具投资吸引力。
  2. 强劲的经济增长
    亚洲经济增速领先全球,并且总体经济体量超过欧盟与北美。根据国际货币基金组织 (IMF) 2023 年 10 月报告,2023 年亚太地区实际国内生产总值 (GDP) 增长率为 4.4%,而欧盟为 1%,北美为 2.1%。按全球国内生产总值占比计算,亚太地区占 45.6%,欧盟为 21.0%,北美为 18.7%。
  3. 受益于全球最大自由贸易协定与亲商政策 近期,15 个亚洲国家签署了 区域全面经济伙伴关系协定 (RCEP),形成全球最大自由贸易区。这将进一步促进贸易活动,推动国内生产总值 增长。国际货币基金组织 (IMF) 预测,到 2028 年,亚洲仍将保持全球最强的国内生产总值增长率 3.9%,欧盟为 1.6%,北美为 2.1%。
    集体投资计划相关投资教育系列 (第三部分)
  4. 亚洲公司全球认可度高
    亚洲涌现出众多本土上市公司,在全球具有较高认知度。这些公司管理规范、财务稳健,包括 新加坡航空、阿里巴巴、腾讯、三星电子、台积电、Grab、比亚迪 等知名企业。
  5. 亚洲市场仍具估值优势
    尽管亚洲人口众多且经济增长强劲,但亚洲股票的估值 (如市盈率 P/E、市净率 P/B、市销率 P/S) 仍显低于欧盟和美国股票。这些财务指标可衡量股票价格水平,并与同行或竞争者进行对比。通常估值越低,市场或个股越具吸引力。

    此外,亚洲 (日本除外) 占全球人口 58%、全球经济 48%,但全球股票市场投资仅占 12.42%。富亚认为,亚洲股票投资的低配置水平终将被调整上升,为投资者提供长期增值机会。

现在是投资的合适时机吗?

在股市投资中,没有所谓“正确”或“错误”的时机。投资是一种 纪律性策略,即将储蓄定期投入投资工具,例如投资基金。历史市场周期显示,每当市场下跌,通常都会在之后反弹;而在反弹过程中,市场往往会创出新高。换句话说,虽然股市在中间可能会因经济周期或非经济事件(如战争、疫情等)而调整,但长期来看,股市总体呈上升趋势。

当前情况来看,自 2022 年初 起,全球股市普遍下跌,主要受到以下事件影响:俄罗斯—乌克兰战争以及美国利率的大幅上升。那么,现在是否是投资的良机呢?富亚资产管理有限公司分析了过往市场周期,并发现每次重大事件导致市场下跌后,市场均会在事件消化后强劲反弹:

  1. 1997 年亚洲金融危机
    由泰铢贬值引发,随后蔓延至其他亚洲货币,导致亚洲市场大幅下跌。但从 1997 年低点至 2000 年,亚洲市场反弹约 155%。
  2. 2000 年互联网泡沫破裂及 2001 年 9·11 事件
    全球市场在美国互联网泡沫破裂后下跌,并因 2001 年 9 月美国双子塔恐怖袭击进一步恶化。至 2003 年,亚洲市场开始回升并大幅上涨,自 2003 年起反弹约 360%。
  3. 2007 年全球金融危机
    美国贝尔斯登 (Bear Stearns) 和雷曼兄弟 (Lehman Brothers) 倒闭引发全球市场急跌。然而,这一跌幅持续时间较短,不到两年,全球市场便强劲反弹约 236%。
  4. 2020 年新冠肺炎 (COVID-19) 疫情
    全球市场因疫情爆发而大幅下跌。但各国央行迅速采取支持企业的资金措施,使市场在短短 六个月内 反弹约 90%。
  5. 2022 年俄罗斯—乌克兰战争及通胀与利率上升
    市场自此下跌。那么,现在是否正是买入的时机?

    历史经验表明,重大市场事件虽会引发短期波动,但从长期投资视角来看,坚持纪律性投资,往往能够把握市场反弹与增值机会。

graft

An article from the Securities & Exchange Regulator of Cambodia (SERC)

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